QUOTING
       Quoting  is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
       words to the shell.  Quoting can be used to disable  special  treatment
       for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
       as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.

       Each of the metacharacters listed above under DEFINITIONS  has  special
       meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.

       When  the command history expansion facilities are being used (see HIS‐
       TORY EXPANSION below), the history expansion character, usually !, must
       be quoted to prevent history expansion.

       There  are  three  quoting  mechanisms:  the  escape  character, single
       quotes, and double quotes.

       A non-quoted backslash (\) is the escape character.  It  preserves  the
       literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
       <newline>.  If a \<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not  it‐
       self quoted, the \<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that is,
       it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).

       Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the  literal  value  of
       each character within the quotes.  A single quote may not occur between
       single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.

       Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the  literal  value  of
       all  characters  within the quotes, with the exception of $, `, \, and,
       when history expansion is enabled, !.  When the shell is in posix mode,
       the  !  has  no special meaning within double quotes, even when history
       expansion is enabled.  The characters $  and  `  retain  their  special
       meaning  within double quotes.  The backslash retains its special mean‐
       ing only when followed by one of the following characters: $, `, ",  \,
       or  <newline>.   A  double  quote may be quoted within double quotes by
       preceding it with a backslash.  If enabled, history expansion  will  be
       performed  unless  an  !  appearing in double quotes is escaped using a
       backslash.  The backslash preceding the !  is not removed.

       The special parameters * and @ have  special  meaning  when  in  double
       quotes (see PARAMETERS below).

       Character  sequences  of  the  form  $'string' are treated as a special
       variant of single quotes.  The sequence expands to string,  with  back‐
       slash-escaped  characters in string replaced as specified by the ANSI C
       standard.  Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded as  fol‐
       lows:
              \a     alert (bell)
              \b     backspace
              \e
              \E     an escape character
              \f     form feed
              \n     new line
              \r     carriage return
              \t     horizontal tab
              \v     vertical tab
              \\     backslash
              \'     single quote
              \"     double quote
              \?     question mark
              \nnn   the  eight-bit  character  whose value is the octal value
                     nnn (one to three octal digits)
              \xHH   the eight-bit character whose value  is  the  hexadecimal
                     value HH (one or two hex digits)
              \uHHHH the  Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
                     hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
              \UHHHHHHHH
                     the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is  the
                     hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
              \cx    a control-x character

       The  expanded  result  is  single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
       been present.

       A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($"string") will cause
       the  string to be translated according to the current locale.  The get‐
       text infrastructure performs the  lookup  and  translation,  using  the
       LC_MESSAGES,  TEXTDOMAINDIR,  and  TEXTDOMAIN  shell variables.  If the
       current locale is C or POSIX, if there are no  translations  available,
       or  if  the string is not translated, the dollar sign is ignored.  This
       is a form of double quoting, so the string remains double-quoted by de‐
       fault,  whether  or  not  it  is translated and replaced.  If the noex‐
       pand_translation option is enabled using the shopt builtin,  translated
       strings  are  single-quoted instead of double-quoted.  See the descrip‐
       tion of shopt below under SHELLBUILTINCOMMANDS.